Ecomomic Regulation or competition policy Research Paper

Ecomomic Regulation or competition policy - Research Paper Example The relationship between Competition policy and Economic regulation will also be discussed. Comparison of the two approaches and the synergies that it will bring if both are used by the same agency. We also discuss some other concepts which include AJ effect and rate of return regulation. Literature Review In this literature review we will discuss in detail various concepts related to the topic. Economic Regulations George Stigler was the pioneer of the theory of economic regulation. He suggested that as rule regulations are designed in such a way that they benefit the industry who acquire them rather than protecting or benefitting the public. (Vane) He integrated the economics of regulation and economics of politics. According to him same analysis tools should be applied to both because both of them display self interested rational behavior. Economic regulation is a form of antitrust law in traditional economics through which concentration of wealth is controlled. The major objectiv e was that private motives of accumulation of wealth do not hurt the public interest. It was introduced to safeguard public interest. The intension was to protect public from economic abuses such as unreasonable prices, anticompetitive activities, to protect from sale of unethical products which are hazardous for health and safety of the public. The basic role of regulators was of the watchman of the public interest. In addition to that the role of regulators is of preventing monopoly and preserving competition. (Cochran) Background The regulatory scene which we witness today is significantly different from what it was in 1980’s. This phenomenon is due to massive privatization which gave birth to new regulatory apparatus. This process of privatization is now an international affair. Hence many countries and regions are now following this deregulation by trying to implement the best practices in other systems and avoiding the worst mistakes. A major problem with the deregulati on is that it is based on very weak logical foundation of improving efficiency. In the absence of competition this may not be the case. (Michael A Crew) Economic Regulation Theories It is important to note that study of regulation cannot be done in isolation. It has to be studied in the social, political and economic context in which it exists. The relative powers of different interest groups play their part in formulating and shaping the regulations. Different regulatory mechanisms interact with each other and once implemented they play an important role as the motives of decision makers. A thorough understanding of regulatory process is thus not possible without considering specific institutions, political structures and actors. Two major theories of government behavior about economic regulations are public interest approach and self interest theory or public choice theory. (Jan) Public Interest Approach According to this theory government intervention or regulation is required on ly to in case of market failure, when market is unable to achieve a particular social objective such as equality. Government intervention is needed to correct this failure. This approach is

Nursing Management in Australia Research Proposal

Nursing Management in Australia - Research Proposal Example Caldwell Checklist is grouped according to the health team’s work pattern, preparation before going to the bedside, patient consultation, relevant bedside charts, ceiling of care, discharge planning, planning, documentation, summing up, and any conversation with relatives and in which yellow-colored areas represent essential check domains and while those white areas represent domains applicable only to some patients such as blood glucose chart (see Fig. 1) (Herring, Desai, and Caldwell, 2011, p. 21). The use of Caldwell checklist in a ward round may improve the standards of care because of its simplicity that takes up only one side of the A4 paper, ease of adaption in the clinical context, and recording of matter that has been considered and decided if needed. Upon establishment of the proposed changes and the checklist that would be adapted, the next step is to integrate the proposed changes and the checklist into the institution’s operation. This could be done by creating a medical group forward rounds that include medical staff, chief nurse or nurse managers, consultant, and other professional observers. One of the members of the medical staff will act as a leader and each nurse will do their routines in assessing, monitoring, evaluating, and documenting the client’s concerns and conditions. The leader will assign a checker (either the chief nurse or nurse manager) that will observe nurses’ documentation of ward rounds, ensure everything to be covered, and report and correct any omissions or errors. Yellow domains that are not covered may be marked with a circle while white domains can simply be left blank. Omissions or errors that are corrected can be a tick off and be considered in the documentation process. The f inal review of the filled-up checklist will be on the hands of the medical staff and other professional observers but only the members of the medical staff are allowed to get all of the items on the list addressed.

Summary Of The Elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary Of The Elements - Essay Example The work of Abu Nasr has the significant contribution to the prevailing geometrical artwork of the Islamic culture such as those found in the wood art, tiles and much more. As noticed, the Islamic Scholars and mathematicians so far are involved in Mathematics with significant influence of their prevailing culture. Islamic culture had adapted mathematics, particularly geometric influence because it can be associated with it in the first place, especially in the face of artworks and everyday living. It is therefore of significant consideration that Islamic geometers did not eventually engage in mathematics just for the sole purpose of intellectual stimulation, but definitely in order to provide something for the continuing body of knowledge, especially the one that was founded by Euclid, the Euclidean geometry. The Euclidean Geometry has eventually provided a great influence on the Islamic Scholars, particularly the geometers. The Muslim geometers were able to provide the contribution in the formulation of concepts, or even extending the basic concepts of Euclid on geometry. As a result, the Muslim geometers were able to also provide ways to integrate the concept of mathematics and geometry in their arts, and in general, in their culture. From the above point of view, it is evident and so it is clear to say that Muslim geometers had significant contributions to the growing body of knowledge of geometry. The fundamental output associated with their learning of the mathematical concepts.

Technologies for Killing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technologies for Killing People - Essay Example Gas weapons, small arms, large guns and weapons of mass destruction are reported to be used more these days. The most lethal and most enigmatic use of technology or biological weaponries is considered to be the use of Zyklon B and other gases in concentration camps of Auschwitz by Germans during the World War II. Zyklon B is actually the German name for a gas called Cyclone B which is a cyanide based pesticide. The Nazi Germans used this gas to kill Jews in the concentration camps of Auschwitz during the holocaust which took 6 million lives of German, Polish and Russian Jews. The chambers in which the Jews were held to be killed by the insertion of Zyklon gas were of two, i.e. the first type of chambers was used for delousing clothes and the other one was utilized for killing Jews on a large scale. The later chambers were also called extermination chambers. Zyklon B is prepared from the extraction of hydrogen cyanide which is also called prussic acid. Before the usage of Zyklon B by Germans, it was used for fumigation purposes in farms where vegetables, fruits and grains are cultivated. Zyklon B is an effective pesticide, which is considered to be carry9ing clouds of Hydrocyanic Acid within each granule1. Germans used Zyklon B in a pallet or diskette form which was thrown into the sealed chambers where hundreds of human beings were held to kill at a time. The pallets were inserted into the room from small windows after which the windows were sealed and a team of physicians used to wait outside the chambers for 20 minutes, in order to ensure that every living organism inside the room is dead. While describing the gassing of Jews from Zyklon B, Hans Stark, the then leader of Western Infantry of German Army, described that when Zyklon B granules were poured into a gas chamber where around 225 Jews were held, the prisoners first started to cry out loud from the fear of death. After 20 to 25 minutes, the voices inside the gas chamber were vanished; this was a hint t hat every living organism inside the chamber is dead2. Beside Zyklon B, other gases were also utilized by Germans to kill their enemies. When the Great War broke up, poison gases were use as an alternative to machine guns and tanks. It is estimated that the largest number of fatalities took place during the World War II were caused by poison gases such as Phosgene and Chlorine. The first world in particular, has been popular as â€Å"The Chemists’ War†. Germans were of the view that gases and chemicals are a better weapon as compare to guns, crafts and tanks, as they kill those enemies as well who are hiding in corners and hinges. Although the process of killing a human being with the help of gases was slow but Germans were persistent that these gases will give more pain to human and will cause psychological defeat to the enemies’ camps. Since the use of Zyklon B, there are numerous chemical weaponries that were developed by human beings to kill other humans. An thrax is another deadly virus or bacteria, which have claimed thousands of lives not only in the modern era and its roots go deep into the usage of the bacteria during the World War II. Anthrax is not only used to kill human beings but it is also considered deadly for the animals. Anthrax

Law Enforcement and Policing- (Deputy Sheriff) Essay

Law Enforcement and Policing- (Deputy Sheriff) - Essay Example The sheriff is the head of the department-wide authority. Different ranks have the scope of authority in a given county for analysis purpose we shall take an example of Montgomery county in Tennessee. Here we find that the sheriff is the department-wide authority with an insignia having five gold stars arranged in a pentagon, second in command is the chief deputy sheriff with a badge having four gold stars arranged in a line the chief deputy sheriff is responsible with department-wide jurisdiction with the authority to act in the stead of the sheriff. The captain is third in command where he acts as a division commander his badge is a double gold bars. The lieutenant is forth in command whom is the section commander and carries a insignia with a single gold bar (Inwald, 1988). The sergeant is the fifth in command who his responsibility is the unit or the shift commander for identification he has 3 chevrons. Next to him the investigator is basically called school resource officer, their responsibilities are to provide direction for deputies at crime scenes there is no way of identifying them since they do not wear any insignia. The corporal is responsible for field training officer for patrol shift supervisor or detection division, the corporal wears 2 chevrons with FTO notation for patrol. lastly in the basic organizational structure is the deputy sheriff who is the only one whose badge is silver as opposed to others who have a gold badge in color, he has no insignia (Inwald, 1991). The sheriff has is important in every county due to the functions that he is responsible for within the county, the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer who is charged with the responsibility of policing the county and keeping the peace, he has the power to make arrests and administration of jail and custody of the inmates. The sheriff also serves as the treasurer of the county and is responsible for collecting all taxes which are levied by the

The Lady Gaga Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Lady Gaga Empire - Essay Example It also includes mediums through which messages can be spread, such as radio, television, magazines, recorded music, associated media, newspapers, and movies (Rothenbuhler).  It can be said that Lady Gaga’s mass communication approach is unique in the sense she seemingly uses her status to initiate and propel positive ideas. Rarely do celebrities act with virtuous motive in the interest of those who put them on their pedestals. However, a perfect example of another artist who does illustrate similar characteristics is the actor, Academy-Award winning director, philanthropist, and "supporter of uncompromised creative expression," Robert Redford (qt. in Saunders).   While true, selfless actions by few other public figures have been promoted in the media, it is difficult to recognize authenticity and sincerity comparable to those of Lady Gaga’s.USING MEDIA FOR GOOD The Look to the Stars Website identifies several of Lady Gaga’s public recognitions of her work wi th various organizations. The author states, â€Å"Lady Gaga is a creative ‘win-win’ philanthropist, who throws the weight of her popularity behind donation projects† (â€Å"Look to the Stars: The World of Celebrity Giving†). Teaming with Virgin Mobile, Gaga gave free VIP tickets to Little Monsters who dedicated a specific amount of time and/or offered monetary donations to help homeless youth, which raised more than $80,000 and produced upwards of 30,000 community service hours. Her idea to have a â€Å"Gaga for Haiti† day on January 24, 2010, in the midst of the devastating earthquake, generated more than $500,000 for the small country of Haiti.4 By joining forces with former pop culture icon, Cyndi Lauper, and MAC Cosmetics, for the VIVA Glam Campaign,5 the group raised more than 160 million dollars to globally spread information and awareness about HIV/AIDS to women (â€Å"Look to the Stars: The World of Celebrity Giving†). In addition to Gaga’s many charitable projects, she was also at the forefront of

In which place have you felt most inspired and why Essay

In which place have you felt most inspired and why - Essay Example Lined up along side each another were tens of wooden bunk beds. Then he yelled again: "You!" pointing to one of my friends, "get inside that space" and he pointed towards the space between two bunk beds. Then he yelled again: "You—get in next to him!" And so he went on ordering six more of my friends into that space. When we thought it was too much, he just yelled: "Squeeze more!" Finally he stopped, and told my friends who were by now so cramped they couldnt breath, "Now turn to the other side." They were all squeezed in so tightly that turning was impossible. Finally he said: "I didnt turn for three years while I was here. It was cold, we were hungry, and even the most basic act such as turning in your sleep was impossible. It didnt matter if you were black or white, fat or skinny, slow or fast. We were all in the same bed, and NO one could turn." That was Auschwitz, and that was one of the most inspiring moments of my